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Poultry Farms With Unhappy Neighbors? Plant Some Trees
家禽农场种植树木改善邻里关系
This is the VOA Special English Agriculture Report.
Planting trees around poultry farms can improve air and water quality -- and relations with neighbors. Research has shown that just three rows of trees near poultry houses can reduce the release of dust and ammonia. They can also reduce the strong smell of ammonia gas. The trees capture dust, ammonia and odors in their leaves. They also provide shade from the sun, so they reduce cooling costs in summer. And they act as a windbreak, so they reduce heating costs in winter. Trees can also improve water quality around farms by removing pollutants from soil and groundwater.
Several years ago, people were objecting to the odor of poultry farms on the Delmarva Peninsula in the eastern United States. Delmarva is where the states of Delaware, Maryland and Virginia come together. Two thousand farms there can each house an average of seventy-five thousand chickens. Traditionally the farms used windows to provide fresh air in the chicken houses. Farmers rarely planted trees or tall crops around the buildings, so there would be no barrier to the airflow. But then farms began to use new ventilation systems. Instead of windows, the new systems used tunnel fans to circulate air. The fans directed airflow from the poultry houses toward the homes of neighbors.
Researchers led by George Malone at the University of Delaware began dealing with the problem in two thousand. They found that over a period of six years, planting three rows of trees reduced total dust and ammonia by more than half. And they found that odors were reduced by eighteen percent. The scientists reported their findings in two thousand eight at a meeting of the American Chemical Society. For the first row nearest the fans, they generally suggested trees that lose their leaves in the fall or trees with waxy leaf surfaces. They suggested evergreen trees for the other two rows. Some trees work better than others. And what works in one area of the country may not work as well in others.
Farmers may think trees will take too long to grow and be effective. But some trees can grow quickly.
At least one-third of the Delmarva farms have planted trees, technically known as vegetative environmental buffers. The idea offers a way to cut pollution, save money and energy, and make the neighbors happy.
And that's the VOA Special English Agriculture Report, written by Jerilyn Watson. I'm Steve Ember.
一、全文翻译
这里是VOA特别英语农业报道。
在家禽农场周围种植树木可以改善空气和水质量——还可以改善与邻居的关系。研究表明，在家禽饲养所附近种植三排树木就可以灰尘和氨水的释放。还可以减轻氨气的强烈气味。树叶可以吸收灰尘，氨气和气味。还可以提供树荫，所以在夏季，树木可以降低制冷成本。树木还可以作为防风墙，所以冬季可以降低取暖成本。树木还可以消除土壤和地下水中的污染物，这样就可以改善农场周围的水质量。
几年前，人们对美国东部Delmarva半岛家禽养殖场的气味非常抵制。Delmarva是特拉华州，马里兰州和佛吉尼亚州的总称。那里有2000多个农场，平均每个养殖场可以容纳7.5万只鸡。这些农场传统上是使用窗户来为养鸡场提供新鲜的空气。农民很少在养鸡场周围种植树木或比较高的作物，所以，空气流通没有任何障碍。但是，后来，农场开始使用通风系统。与窗户不同，新的通风系统使用管道排热扇来使空气流通。这些风扇将家禽养殖场中的空气导入邻居家中。
2000年，Delaware began大学的George Malone领导的研究人员开始着手处理这个问题。他们发现，在六年的时间内，种植三排树木可以将灰尘和氨气的数量降低一半以上。他们发现，气味可以减少18%。2008年，这些科学家在美国化学协会的会议上对该发现进行了报道。关于最靠近排气扇的一排树木，他们建议种植秋天落叶树或有着蜡质叶片的树木。另外两派种植常绿树。一些树木的效果比其他种类的树木更好。而在一个国家某个地区能够起到作用的树木在另外一个地区不一定产生同样的效果。
农民可能认为，树木生长和产生效果需要太长的时间。但是有些树木生长速度很快。
现在，Delmarva大约有三分之一的农场种植了树木，技术上成为植物环境缓冲区。这种方法可以减少污染，节约资金和能量，使邻里关系更加融洽。
二、词汇学习
1.release n. 释放,让渡,豁免,发行的书,释放证书,版本
例句：The release of the new handgun will be subject to many political constraints.
出售这种新型手枪会收到许多政治因素的限制。
2.ammonia n. 氨水,阿摩尼亚
3.capture vt. 抓取,获得,迷住
例句：The military equipment captured was beyond counting.
缴获的武器装备数不胜数。
4.windbreak n. 防风林,防风物
例句：The woods along the coast provide a good windbreak.
沿海边的树木是很好的防风林。
5.house vt. 给…房子住,收藏
6.barrier n. 栅栏,障碍,壁垒,关卡
例句：Taxes are the biggest barrier to free trade.
税收是自由贸易的最大障碍。
7.ventilation n. 通风,空气流通,公开讨论
例句：They altered the house to improve its ventilation.
他们把房子改装一下使它更通气。
8.circulate v. (使)流通,使)循环,(使)传播
例句：Please open a window to allow the air to circulate.
打开窗子让空气流通。